glossary


 * FROM CELLS TO ORGANISMS: ** Cells are the basic units of life. All living things are made up by cells. They carry out the three basic life processes (nutrition, reproduction, sensitivity). Depend on the number of cells, living things can be classified into unicellular and multicellular.
 * CELLS PARTS: They have three main parts:
 * membrane: this is the covering around the cell
 * nucleus: this is the part that controls the function
 * cytoplasm: this is a jelly-like material, composed mainly of water, between the nucleus and the membrane. It contains the organelles, which carry out different functions of the cell.




 * 1) When the same type of cells join together, they form the **tissues,** there are animal or plant tissues.
 * 2) When some tissues join together, they form **organs.** Tissues in organs work together to perform a common function.
 * 3) Organs in ** S **** ystems ** work together to perform a common function.
 * 4) Finally, all the different systems work together to form an **Organism**, a living thing.

In a multicelullar living thing, cells, tissues, organs and systems all work togetjer so the organism functions correctly

Examples of organs are: heart, lungs, eye, bone, muscle, kidney Examples of organ systems: skeletal system, muscular, system, respiratory, circulatory, reproductive, nervous system
 * ANIMAL TISSUES: ** Animals have different types of tissues which perform different functions. The main types of tissues in mammals are:
 * Bone tissue: consist on bone cells. It form bones and supports de body.
 * Muscle tissue: is made up of muscle cells. It is responsible for movement.
 * Blood tissue: is made up of blood cells. It carries substances throughout the body.
 * Nervous tissue: is made up of neurons. It carries information to the brain and responses to the rest of the body.
 * Fat tissue: consist of fat cells. It is specialized in storing fat.
 * Epithelial tissue: consist of epithelial cells. It forms the skin and provides protection to the body.
 * ORGANS **
 * ORGAN SYSTEMS **
 * KINGDOMS: ** Linving Thing are classified into groups, called kingdom.




 * 1) ANIMAL KINGDOM: ** Animals are multicellular organism that eat other living things and can move about. They feed on other living things. Most animals can move out. They are divided:
 * VERTEBRATES : All have internal skeleton made up of bones, these skeleton includes a backbone which consist of ring-like bones called vertebrae. Vertebrates are classified into 5 groups: mammals, birds, reptiles, amhibians and fish.


 * =  ||= **GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS** ||= **BODIES** ||= **BREATHE** ||= **LEGS** ||
 * < MAMMALS ||< * viviparous
 * the females produce milk tofeed their young ||< * covered with fur or hair ||< * with lungs ||< * Most of them have legs ||
 * < BIRDS ||< * oviparous
 * they take care of their young ||< * covered with feathers ||< * with lungs ||< * 2 legs
 * 2 wings ||
 * < REPTILES ||< * oviparous ||< * covered with scales ||< * with lungs ||< * Most of them have legs ||
 * < AMPHIBIANS ||< * oviparous ||<  ||< * when they are young through gills
 * when they are adults with lungs ||< * Adults have legs ||
 * < FISH ||< * oviparous ||< * covered with scales ||< * with gills ||< * fins ||




 * INVERTEBRATES: do not have an internal skeleton made up of bones, so they do not have a backbone. Most of them are oviparous. They are classified into six groups: sponges, Cnidarians, Worms, Molluscs, Echinoderms and Arthropods.




 * 2) PLANT KINGDOM: **Plants are multicellular living things that can make their own food and cannot move about. All plants can be classified into two main groups: seed and non-seed plants.




 * NON SEED PLANTS: Do not produces flowers and seeds. They reproduce with __spores (__special cells with a resistant covering that can form new plants)
 * SEED PLANTS: They reproduce with seeds and their elements are:




 * 3) FUNGI KINGDOM: ** Fungi are different living things from plants and animals.
 * CHARACTERISTICS:
 * Many fungi are beneficial to people ( the edible mushrooms, penicillin and the blue cheese)
 * Other can be harmful ( poisonous mushrooms, infections, black mould which is very toxic)
 * They cannot move about.
 * Many of them grow in soil.


 * FEEDS: They cannot make their own food, so they feed (eat) from other organisms or their remains.
 * yeasts: unicellular fungi
 * mushrooms and moulds: multicellular fungi


 * PARTS: Some fungi produce **mushrooms**, this are just the visible part of a fungus.



The main part of a mushroom are:

- cap - gills - ring - stem

The main part grows beneath the soil.


 * 4) PROTOTISTA KINGDOM: ** protists can be either single celled or multicelular. Some must get their food and others make their own food.

In these kingdom we can find:
 * = PROTOZOA ||= ALGAE ||
 * * unicelular living things || * unicellular or multicellular ||
 * * live in aquatic environments || * aquatic living ||
 * * feed with other organisms || * they can make their own food ||




 * 5) MONERA KINGDOM: ** includes all microscopics living beings that only possess a single cell without nucleus.

In these kingdom we can find:


 * = BACTERIA ||= VIRUSES ||
 * * The smallest and simples living things || * They are not consideres living things ||
 * * Most feed from other organisms and others makes their own food || * Its a microscopic body that can only reproduce inside living things, not a cell ||
 * * They can be found everywhere in the world || * they may cause illnesses. ||
 * * They can live in all kinds of environments ||  ||
 * * Some are helpful and others harmful. ||  ||